Confined Plunging Liquid Jets for Dilution of Brine from Desalination Plants

Confined plunging jets are investigated as potential outfalls for the discharge of desalination brine. Compared to offshore submerged that rely on momentum induce mixing, released above water surface utilize both and negative buoyancy. Plunging also introduce air into column, which can reduce possibility hypoxic zones. In contrast unconfined jets, confined include a confining tube, or downcomer, around jet, increases penetration depth bubbles provide better aeration. However, presence this downcomer hinder mixing with surrounding water. Therefore, laboratory measurements dilution reported here compared jets. addition, qualitative observations bubble used discuss aeration potential. For designs increase results show decreases is increased. it shown be designed short higher than The effect diameter non-monotonic observed.